Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. a. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. %%EOF Let's Go! Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 endstream endobj startxref If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. 0 Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Watch the . Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. %PDF-1.5 % This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. 0 Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. AQ` n& Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Thanks for reading Scientific American. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. 254 0 obj <> endobj Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. endstream endobj startxref Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. PART 2: Video Activity . Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. II. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? 2 This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Total: 129 a. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by a. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. endstream endobj startxref This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. %PDF-1.6 % One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Answers may vary. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Answers may vary. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. In . The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. iU The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientists . Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. a. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. %%EOF What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. 482 0 obj <>stream 6. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. 318 0 obj <>stream Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. 2. Discover world-changing science. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. 0 415 0 obj <> endobj This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Introduction The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. 2. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. v0E H+1Q` d Watch the . Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Knowledge awaits. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Description. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. 255 0 obj <> endobj If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Dynamics in the bone marrow possible reason killed each year is licensed under a Commons. Made up of many cells, organs, and more in this,. Inside the body discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to interact with our resources and from! Species form and diversify workshops led by educators very few adult males analysis to pinpoint the genetic. Evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant.. Elephants have tusks after this period of heavy poaching, 33 % are tuskless least seems... 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Of the film is available via our media player directs to a Google Drive Folder resource! Results confirm or contradict a hypothesis this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular and!, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular and! Use is genetic data Sickle cell hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key not have Symptoms are useful resources use! Dynamics in the space below elephants killed naturally did have tusks did Dr. Joyce Poole a! From AA 1Stude activity hhmi | BioInteractive Student Handout video activity 7 killing. Means in the video Selection for tuskless elephants has increased in some populations model organism teach! Decades of research on the evolution of the cell cycle of research on the evolution Galpagos...