The natural void ratio of a sand sample is \( 0.6 \) and its relative density is \( 0.6 \). The tip resistance stress of the cone qc and the sleeve friction resistance fs (both in MPa), are recorded versus the testing depth. It is a dimensionless quantity in materials science, and is closely related to porosity as follows: = = = and = = + = + where is void ratio, is porosity, V V is the volume of void-space (such as fluids), V S is the volume of solids, and V T is the total or bulk volume. The void ratio of common sand and gravel varies according to how loosely or tightly its grains are packed together. city; however, employees of a branch campus or facility in another city are not considered to be In the absence of laboratory test results for any given project, the water content, void ratio, dry unit weight and porosity are four important parameters that are usually overlooked. In this paper, a simple methodology is proposed for estimating the in-situ water content, void ratio, dry unit weight and porosity from CPT. representations and warranties and prevails over any conflicting or additional terms of any (b) Vv=V-Vs = 0.00035-0.000231 = 0.000119 m, (d) Void ratio (e)= Vv / Vs = 0.000119 / 0.000231 = 0.515, (e) Porosity (n)= Vv / V = 0.000119 / 0.00035 = 0.34, (f) Degree of Saturation (Sr) = Vw / Vv = 0.0001/0.000119 = 0.84 = 84 %. Sand. Terzaghi, K., Peck, R., and Mesri, G., Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. Gravel and sand are both porous and permeable, making them good aquifer materials. Table 4: Comparison between laboratory and CPT results. Six graphs have been presented: A summary of borehole and laboratory testing results are presented in Tables 2 and 3. 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First we need to find the void ratio because e is needed to find the answers. Laboratory tests indicated that the minimum and maximum void ratios of the sand are 0.46 and 0.90, respectively. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, Up to $50.00, $50.01 to $100.00, $100.01 to $150.00, $150.01 to $250.00, $250.01 to $500.00, $500.01 to $750.00, $750.01 to $1000.00, $1000.01 to $1500.00, $1500.01 to $2500.00, $2500.01 to $4999.00, $5000.00 to $higher. He states in the section Bulking of Sand: Another factor that can compound the problem: This is the increase in bulk volume of dry sand that occurs when water is added. Authors: Yazdani, Ehsan; Nguyen, Amy; Evans, T. Matthew Award ID(s): 1933355 Publication Date: 2022-08-01 NSF-PAR ID: 10394964 Journal Name: