NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using handicap and handicapped when describing a person. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. OCD may present as a fear of contamination, disarray or intrusion, according to the Mayo Clinic. This is increasingly tricky turf. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Others prefer hard of hearing. It is best to ask your sources what they prefer. Instead use the word condition and try to identify the specific diagnosis if possible. In general, avoid using able-bodied except in a quote. NCDJ Recommendation: Cretin is considered a slur to describe a person with intellectual disabilities. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. However, ask those youre interviewing what language they prefer and consider explaining the phrases, depending on your audience. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. It is considered highly derogatory to describe someone with Down syndrome as being mongoloid.. A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information, according to the . For example, emotional intelligence also is important when considering a persons overall intelligence, according to the American Psychological Association. Use interpreter only for those who have completed advanced training. Many dislike the terms because hearing impaired describes a person in terms of a deficiency or what they cannot do. Background: Lame is a word commonly used to describe difficulty walking as the result of an injury to the leg. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines freak as one that is markedly unusual or abnormal, such as a person or animal having a physical oddity and appearing in a circus sideshow. This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. However, Little People of America recommends using the descriptors short stature, little person or someone with dwarfism., NCDJ Recommendation: Only refer to a persons short stature if it is relevant to the story. Background: Stuttering is a a neurobiological condition that is characterized by interruptions in speech. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders consolidates all autism disorders under the larger autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Stroke. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. Mental illness is a prevalent invisible disability. Instead, be specific about the condition and use only if relevant to the story. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . Common symptoms across forms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty performing complex tasks, communication difficulties, personality changes and paranoia, according to the WebAlcohol is widely known to cause slurred speech because it slows down how the brain communicates with the body. Hearing loss can be due to a wide array of things, including: malformation of the ear. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. Should someone who is blind be identified as such in a story about people who have been stranded while hiking and had to be rescued? NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. This hearing-impaired population may be even more isolated than the visually impaired community. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. Some members of the disability community oppose its use because it implies that all people with disabilities lack able bodies or the ability to use their bodies well. Background: A defect is defined as an imperfection or shortcoming. In those cases, attribute the term or note its historic use. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Less than one percent of the general population has schizophrenia, and it is treated mostly through the use of pharmaceutical drugs. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone who uses a wheelchair, followed by an explanation of why the equipment is required. Its considered offensive. Seizures are more common than you might think. Specific disorders should be used and the source of the diagnosis identified whenever possible. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), Otherwise, the term intellectually disabled is acceptable. Remember that some in the autism community object to the term. Complications from spina bifida range from minor physical problems to significant intellectual and physical disabilities. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. She experiences symptoms of psychosis is preferable to She is psychotic. He has a bipolar disorder is preferable to He is bipolar.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid terms like disorder or defect, which are considered derogatory. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not say someone has had a seizure unless there has been a medical diagnosis. Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. I legit ignore every notification with the word in it.. They may prefer non-disabled or enabled as being more accurate. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. In 2009, the writers of the television show Glee introduced the term handicapable as a positive alternative to other ways of referring to people with disabilities. There's nothing inherently negative about spasticity aside from the pain that can result from it but like many neutral words, people have used "spaz" to make Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. When quoting or paraphrasing a person who has signed their responses, its appropriate on first reference to indicate that the responses were signed. Social habits, practices, regulations, laws, and institutions that operate under the assumption that disabled people are inherently less capable overall, less valuable in society, and/or should have less personal autonomy than is ordinarily granted to people of the same age.. According to the National Institute on Aging, other dementias include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders and vascular dementia. Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. For example, addressing the functional needs of people with disabilities could be used when referring to a facility or program. Many prefer blind or blind person, while others prefer a person with blindness. Other commonly used terms include: Because these terms tend to be imprecise, consider asking how the visual condition affects acuity. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. (There are physical considerations that rule out cochlear implants for some.). Others prefer it to disabled because dis means not, which means that disabled means not able. But particularly when it comes to referring to individuals, differently abled is problematic. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters. In short, impairment refers to the condition of an organ or structure of the body; disability means that a person has a functional limitation due to an impairment. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Many people in the Deaf community prefer the use of a lowercase d to refer to audiological status and the use of a capital D when referring to the culture and community of Deaf people. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. This was due to the fact that both groups considered hearing-impaired to be offensive because it carried a value judgement implying that the person was impaired or defective. Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Plain English is sometimes known as plain language or Everyday English. Able-bodied is an appropriate term to use in some cases, such as when referring to government reports on the proportion of able-bodied members in the workforce. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. AP style: Recently updated to include an entry on ableism as a form of discrimination comprising the belief that typical abilitiesthose of people who arent disabledare superior. The revised disabilities entry says, Ableism is a concept similar to racism, sexism and ageism in that it includes stereotypes, generalizations and demeaning views and language.. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. However, people with speech and hearing disabilities are capable of expressing themselves in writing, through sign language and in other ways. MD is acceptable on second reference. The language around COVID-19 is evolving. NCDJ Recommendation: Caregiver is preferable to caretaker when referring to the care of people. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Plain English or Plain Language but confirm with the source that that is the correct terminology. AP style: AP medical stories tend to refer to a specific deformity or deformities rather than describing an individual as deformed., Background: Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life, according to the Alzheimers Association. The American Psychiatric Association discourages using derogatory language such as the term junkie to refer to someone who misuses drugs. When interviewing someone who is non-verbal, be flexible. If you are in doubt about how to refer to a person, ask the person. For example, They found the election results depressing.. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. The stylebook cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling The AA program is focused on 12 steps to achieve sobriety. Background: Abnormality is a word used to describe a condition that deviates from what is considered normal. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. Deaf and hard of hearing became the official terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf in 1991. Conforms to AP style: The stylebook cautions against describing an individual as mentally ill unless clearly pertinent to a story and the diagnosis is properly sourced. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms deafblind, deafblindness, deaf-blind and deaf-blindness are all acceptable. However, AP advises against the latter formulation. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. Background: These terms carry the assumption that a person with a disability is suffering or has a reduced quality of life. For example, millions of Americans are hard of hearing but most do not use sign language and many do not use hearing aids. Healthyplace.com has Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. However, this term is not widely used. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. Many people object to the use of the word to describe a physical condition because it is used in colloquial English as a synonym for weak, as in: Thats a lame excuse., The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines lamebrain as a dull-witted person.. WebInclude plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in their diet. This condition happens when children slur their words WebYSK that "Hearing Impaired" term is incorrect and offensive, use Hard of Hearing when referring to the demographic. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. People-first language is not preferred by all people with disabilities. The temporary effect of too much alcohol is caused by the toxins interaction on neurons in the brain, mainly in the More. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Background: Diversability is a term coined by Tiffany Yu, a disability rights advocate. In an official position statement, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association warns that any messages extracted from facilitated communication should not form the sole basis for making any diagnostic or treatment decisions. Other organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication also oppose facilitated communication. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. Background: These terms refer to a variety of ways that people communicate without speaking. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with spina bifida, followed by a short explanation of what their condition entails if it is pertinent to the story. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. When writing about it, specify that major disability organizations do not recognize facilitated communication as a valid communication technique. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. A genetic condition is congenital, but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Plain English looks and sounds like standard forms of writing. Another version, Easy English, aims at a lower reading level with short sentences often accompanied by pictures. NCDJ Recommendation: When possible, avoid describing a person or condition as impaired. Alternative language for hearing impairment and visual impairment are offered under those entries. Background: People-first language avoids defining people in terms of their disability. Use treatment center in place of rehab or detox center. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms not even close. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. Its best to avoid using clean and dirty with regard to drug test results, according to the Center for Substance Abuse and Treatment. Terminology for the disorder is varied. Proponents of the term say it helps to destigmatize relationships between people with disabilities and people without disabilities. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. Limited vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind, Low vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. The association recommends using people-first language to describe mental illness in order to avoid defining people by their disability. AP style: Disabled is described as a general term for a physical, mental, developmental or intellectual disability. Background: The World Health Organization recommends avoiding language that sensationalizes or normalizes suicide or presents it as a solution to problems. Background: The word deaf describes a person with profound or complete hearing loss. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is acceptable to use the terms developmental disability and developmental disabilities, it is preferable to use the name of the specific disability whenever possible. See entry on Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder. Those with such disabilities often require lifelong or extended support. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. For example, they might say that an individual with Down syndrome lives with minimal or no extra l assistance. There are many types of seizures, which range in severity. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. However, its use is relatively rare and not generally accepted. Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly. Background: These words were once commonly used to describe people with mental illness but are now considered offensive. It is important to note that augmentative and alternative communication a general term used to refer to alternative methods that allow for written and spoken expression is considered very different from facilitated communication. Other medical diagnoses associated with dementia include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (previously known as wet brain). Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. Opinions vary on how to refer to someone with autism. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the word addiction is acceptable for uncontrollable, compulsive use of substances as well as acts such as gambling, sex, working, etc., in the face of negative health and social consequences. Many people consider defect and other forms of the term offensive when describing a disability as they imply the person is deficient or inferior to others. It can cause changes in your behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. Common symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include difficulties in communication, impaired social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, according to the Institute. 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