Be sure to get coverage of the entire plant but not to the point where herbicide is dripping off the leaves. (They can ultimately reach 50 feet high and 30 feet wide. The trees popularity was largely concentrated in the Southeast and along the Mid-Atlantic coast. Wild pear trees are found in Europe, Asia and North Africa, as well as parts of North America. N.C. [2] When introduced in the United States as an ornamental tree, it thrived. You will find both wild pear trees & regular pear trees. Is it easier to grow apple or pear trees? The Bradford pear, hugely popular when suburbs were developed, contributed to an invasion of trees conquering nearly anywhere it lands. It will grow and start fruiting after a certain time. Bradford pear trees were developed in the U.S. as a variant of Pyrus Calleryana, or Callery pear trees. The easiest way to do this is to place the fruit or pads in a bag and freeze them for a few hours. Pears ripen from the inside out, so you cant judge their ripeness by looking at the skin. But it has been planted across the country, dotting lawns and the entrances to subdivisions and shopping malls. Bradford pear, for one, is an ornamental tree that has become invasive and chokes out native species in natural areas and parks. What is the difference between a Bradford pear tree and a Callery pear tree? Peer is a fruit tree that will give you juicy fresh fruits like guava. Unripe pears lack many of the key nutrients you need and can cause bloating and stomach pain. Figure 6. A useful feature of the Bradford pear was that it seemed to be NOT invasive it was basically sterile. Trees should be cut and stumps immediately treated with herbicides to eliminate sprouting response.. Little by little, man, he said. It is indifferent to city conditions such as pollution and poor soil, making a popular urban specimen. What kind of pear tree has thorns? Its a common practice among USA gardeners to grow different types of fruits in their garden. The true Callery Pear from China is even worse than these 'Bradford' varieties. The Peggy Clark apricot and crape myrtles are also worthy alternatives, Ashmore has reported. Why is Callery pear bad? Are pear tree thorns poisonous? When collecting fruits from wild pear trees, you must be careful about their thorns since they will cut your skin and might damage the tissues. Callery pear is reported to shade out wildflowers and displace native species (Swearingen et al. The epithet, calleryanna, is in honor of an Italian, Joseph M. M. Callery, who was a missionary to China and botanical collector. The tree can develop little clusters of barbed growths, giving it a spiky appearance. They have no practical value nor ornamental use except it attracts birds.. Flowering occurs in early spring from April to May. Bradford has a poor crown structure and is prone to breakup. The seeds contain amygdalin, which is a glycoside that can release cyanide. Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems: The Callery pear is mostly insect or pest free, but potential insects may include aphids, scales, or borers. This tree is mildly resistant to damage by deer. Typical members of Callery pears have more spreading branches and some leaves with L/W ratios near 2. While many cultivated varieties (cultivars) were developed over the years, the Bradford is the best known. But scientists recognized its potential as an ornamental tree, spurring the development of the Bradford pear. bloom is creamy white, 0.75 to 1-inch wide, 5-petaled, showy, and malodorous, arranged ina densecorymb or cyme. The Callery pear has too many upright branches that grow too close together on the trunk. If you need another tree, you can buy them at all the major garden centers, because horticultural businesses can make more trees through grafting and other methods. The branches maybe tipped with a thorn. Another approach you can use for stems less than 6 inches in diameter is a basal bark treatment (figure 6) in which a triclopyr ester product (Pathfinder II) is sprayed over the lower 12 to 15 inches of each trunk. When faced with the possibility of being repeatedly stabbed by a tree, most herbivores prefer the simplest diet they can find and search for food elsewhere. They are not edible by humans, but the birds love them and eat them and then scatter the seeds causing even more callery pears. These thorns can injure people, animals, and puncture tires. The Bradford pear is a cultivar of the callery pear, meaning it is a variety produced by selective breeding in this case, devising a tree that did not have the thorns of some other varieties and was unbothered by pests. Yet for all that promise, the trees wound up an unwieldy menace, one that has vexed botanists, homeowners, farmers, conservationists, utility companies and government officials in a growing swath of the country across the East Coast and reaching into Texas and the Midwest. In the wild, they can grow to be 30 feet tall, but most cultivated varieties are much smaller. It issoil adaptable,urban tolerant, drought tolerant, transplants easily,and can grow inpartialshade. David Coyle, a professor of forest health at Clemson University, with the invasive pear tree produced by the popular Bradford pear, in Clemson, S.C.CreditMike Belleme for The New York Times. Limb breakage is common due to poor crotch angles, and it is often a very short-lived tree. Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) is sometimes used as a rootstock. Fruit and branches (Warren County, NC)- Winter, Branch and buds (Warren County, NC)-Early Winter, Flower Buds (Wake County,NC)-Early Spring, Flower Buds (Warren County,NC)-Early Spring, Leaves & flowers in late March - Warren Co. - NC, Flower buds Closeup - March - Warren Co., NC, Branch & Buds - December - Halifax Co., NC, Central to Southern China to Vietnam, Central Japan, and Taiwan, Native: China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam The fruits are yellowish green to brown, round, 0.5 to 1-inch in diameter, and inedible with a brown pit. Still, they were incremental advances against a force of nature. There are over 800 species of pear trees, and many of them are quite similar. These are extremely sharp and can easily puncture the skin, and many have reported the loss of tires from Callery pear thorn punctures.David Coyle, 2020 Clemson University, Callery pear leaves often turn a brilliant red color in the fall, making them easy to see on the landscape.David Coyle, 2020 Clemson University. The introduction of Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) serves as a cautionary tale of how good intentions can sometimes go wrong. Theres nothing to eat there.. A study was reported of an experiment on the North CarolinaState University campus, where 6 'Bradford' trees were inoculated with the organism that causes fire blight. Thorns do not always work to discourage primary consumers. Pennsylvania is at the northern edge of . She studied horticulture at Clemson University as a non-traditional student. But like the familiar plot of science-fiction stories, the creation that seemed too good to be true was, indeed, too good to be true. However, pointed, pointy objects have survived the test of evolution. The Bradford Pear Bounty Program, sponsored by Clemson Extension, the City of Clemson, and the South Carolina Forestry Commission, is giving free native replacement trees to Sumter and Clemson area residents if they remove their Bradford pear tree. New stems are smooth, reddish-brown. Bloom: Spring Foliage: Summer and Fall. The tree is also home to hordes of bees, which add to the danger of the tree. Callery pears have 4 inch thorns. Please see the suggestions in the left-hand column or see this video created by Charlotte Glen as part of the Plants, Pests, and Pathogens series. Callery pear can be difficult to control, and research on the most effective treatments is lacking. South Carolina is stepping up its fight against it. VIDEO Created byHomegrownfeaturing Jeana Myers, Horticulture Extension Agent for NC State Extension. Once the prickly pear has been harvested, the spines and thorns need to be removed. 2023 by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Callery pear blooming along the side of a road.David Coyle, 2020 Clemson University, Patches of Callery pear growing in a horse pasture. Furthermore, naturalized plants are often able to cross- pollinate and produce viable seeds. CLEVELAND Referred to as the Bradford Pear or the Cleveland Select, the Callery Pear tree is known for its ornamental appearance, white blooms and, notoriously, pungent smell. If were being honest, Ill be working on callery pear for my entire career.. Following are distinguishing characteristics: You can either remove the seeds before eating the fruit, or strain them out if youre juicing the prickly pears. Leaves (figure 3): Alternate, often tufted on short branchlets; oval to somewhat heart-shaped with a tapered tip, 112 to 312 inches long; finely crenate (round-toothed) margins; dark green above, light green below, developing a leathery texture with age. Bradford pear trees produce lots of pretty flowers, but usually no fruit or seeds. The trees also are brittle and spindly, meaning their branches easily break during high winds and storms, leaving cities littered with woody debris. CLEMSON, S.C. In the distance, beside a brick house in a tidy subdivision, the trees rose above a wooden fence, showing off all that had made the Bradford pear so alluring: They were towering and robust and, in the early spring, had white flowers that turned their limbs into perfect clouds of cotton. Im so fortunate that my early attempts at getting a degree got side tracked as Im a lot better at getting dirty in the garden than practicing diplomacy! McNulty also studied at South Carolina State University and earned a graduate degree in teaching there. You must consider the poisonous thorns of these pear trees and try to avoid growing them. And what do we do now about our invasion of self-hybridizing Asian pear tree descendants? How did a good thing become a bad thing? Some birds eat the fruit, but they spread the seeds, which adds to the problem. In South Carolina, the fight has intensified. What is a good replacement for Bradford pear tree? The Callery pear is a member of the Rosaceae or rose family and is native to portions of China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Soft wood breaks in high winds and heavy snows. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Visit www.aces.edu/directory. Callery pear flowers have an unpleasant smell due to their chemicals, such as trimethylamine and dimethylamine, which give the plant a fishy smell. I wish I had taken them out a lot sooner, she said. Although most pear trees come with thorns, you should precisely know if all the pear trees have thorns or not. The bloomsat peak, unfortunatelysmell like a decaying animal. If you dont like to grow thorny fruit trees, you must avoid the Asian pear trees because of their long & strong thorns. While the trees are generally trouble-free, they can sometimes produces large amounts of fruit that can be messy and attract birds and other animals. Callery pears. While both varieties of tree are quite similar in appearance, the Bradford pear is generally considered to be more aesthetically pleasing. This content printed from the website located at. As is seen in apples and other pears, the seed produced by Callery pear cultivars are not true to the parents and often appear more like the wild types from the native range. While it is true that some plant species have poisonous thorns, such as the Dendrocnide moroides also known as the stinging tree pear trees are not one of them. Officials in South Carolina added the Bradford pear to its State Plant Pest List this year, and initiated a ban that goes into effect on Oct. 1, 2024. They will punch a hole into a tire, he said. You will find some pear trees that dont have thorns; instead, they will come with thornless fruits and a safe atmosphere for birds. The tree can grow up to 30 or 40 feet (9-12 m.) with an upright pyramid . Yes nearly all wild pears and rootstocks are thorny.. What is a wild pear tree? Leaves are simple, alternate along stems, heart-shaped to oval, finely round-toothed along the edge, shiny and leathery. The fruit of the wild pear is small and hard, but still edible. And, nearly no insects (especially caterpillars) feed on Callery pear (or any of the P. calleryana selections, including Bradford pear), which means every one of these trees represents a food desert to birds. What does callery pear look like? Be sure to get good coverage of the entire stem but avoid the thorns and avoid puddling herbicide on the soil. Humans can't eat it, and worse, it can be poisonous for dogs. Cutting the trees down makes them grow even faster and thicker from the roots. They are resistant to diseases, too painful for deer to munch on because of the thorns, and they crowd out the plants that would naturally grow in these spots. It is said to induce earlier bearing. It is important to remove lateral roots; otherwise they will continue to sprout. Many herbicides, including glyphosate and triclopyr, are effective in killing Callery pear, and at this time, this is the best way to remove this plant. The Callery pear has too many upright branches that grow too close together on the trunk. ), they can spread by seed or through root sprouts, and they can quickly take over a roadside, old field, pasture, vacant lot, or forest understory. There is no simple answer to this question as the answer may depend on the type of pear tree and the specific type of thorn. The Chinese Native version produces thorns that can get up to 4 long, similar to a Honey Locust. If you can't see the bud union where it was grafted onto the rootstock, it has . The Bradford pear originated because it is one of the most resistant types of Callery pear when it comes to fighting off fire blight, a type of disease in trees. The seeds contain amygdalin, which is a glycoside that can release cyanide. Cooperative Extension System operates as the primary outreach organization The Callery pear tree is highly resistant to various diseases . Cleveland Pears change colors drastically in the fall, showering plum purple, burgundy, golden yellow, or fiery orange leaves based on sunlight and soil composition. The land has been overtaken by the trees, which, he noted, popped up around the same time as the subdivisions that now surround the property. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Because all trees within an individual cultivar are genetically the same, they are unable to cross-pollinate. Thorny trees can be risky because you could get hurt if you brush up against their sharp spikes. According to the ASPCA list of toxic plants, the foliage of your ornamental pear is not considered toxic. But the most far-reaching consequence emerged as pear trees began colonizing open fields, farmland, river banks and ditches, and rising between the pines along the highways from Georgia up through the Carolinas, edging out native species and upending ecosystems. Only if you dream of growing some wild fruit trees in your garden, you must consider their thorns and other drawbacks. If you have a lot of glochids stuck in your skin, the best way to remove them is to first try to remove as many as possible with tweezers. The flesh of the fruit itself is not toxic. The Chinese Native version produces thorns that can get up to 4 long, similar to a Honey Locust. If it gives slightly, its most likely ready to be eaten. You must consider them while collecting fruits. The thorns can cause harm to animals and nearby humans. All rights reserved. For years, Bradford was the most planted cultivar, and very little fruit was produced because they could not cross-pollinate. Identification. Anything, and anyone, under a Bradford pear is at increased risk as the tree ages and its steep V crotch structure is strained. Yow! Also, do not use basal bark treatment in areas where standing dead trees will present a hazard. The tree's tendency to split in wind storms, and the aggressive thorns sported by escaped offspring make it a nuisance as well as a safety In many urban areas, Callery pear trees are now loaded with fruit in the fall where none were previously produced. They are known to grow extremely quickly and have very tightly arranged branches studded with long thorns. Another option for controlling small plants is a foliar herbicide treatment using a triclopyr or glyphosate product in mid-to-late summer (table 1). When a tree is given a finite amount of space to grow in, it can push through concrete, rock and other tough surfaces. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to The trees popularity soared during a transformational time, as millions of Americans moved in pursuit of the comfort and order that suburban neighborhoods were designed to provide. (All You Need to Know). For a long time, these were considered perfect landscaping trees: they grow fast, they are oblivious to poor growing conditions, and they are pretty most of the year (flowers in the spring, glossy green leaves in summer, dramatic leaf colors in the fall). Non-edible fruit. (Quick Answers), Why Is My Garlic Green Inside? Scientists and officials said that the public is developing a more sophisticated understanding of the consequences that landscaping choices can have. This can lead to uncontrolled growth of the Callery pear in some areas, as the seeds take root and new trees sprout up. Bradford pear trees were developed in the U.S. as a variant of Pyrus Calleryana, or Callery pear trees. Description. The true Callery Pear from China is even worse than these Bradford varieties. During peak bloom,some customers have been observed at mall parking lots, getting out of their cars, reacting to the odor, getting back in their cars, and driving off. But other than that, this seemed like an ideal, easy tree to grow in yards and on city streets. Do all pears have thorns? It just wipes everything out underneath it.. The Bradford pear trees dont typically have thorns, but they may come with some small thorns. Are Callery pear trees the same as Bradford pear trees? Even scratches due to the thorn are harmful. Callery pearis a dense,pyramidal, ornamental, broadleaf deciduous tree that grows up to 50 feet tall and 20 to 35 feet wide. Bradford was not self-pollinating and thus no fruit or seeds were produced. In other words, kudzu is a poster child for the concept of an invasive species. Crossbreeding of Bradford pears with other pear trees has caused a boom in Chinese Callery pears, which have long, thick thorns that cant be mowed down by traditional tractorsand can choke out native trees much the same way as kudzu. The resulting plant is a vigorous bush with three-inch long thorns that spreads like wildfire through natural areas. Another good option for beginners is the Baldwin pear tree. Because this product has some soil activity and nearby plants may be harmed, do not use this approach near any desirable vegetation. Pyrus calleryana, or the Callery pear, is a species of pear tree native to China and Vietnam, [2] in the family Rosaceae. They are characterized by their white flowers and small, round fruits. Do Plum Trees Have Thorns? All pear trees have white blooms in clusters of five. Birds will often eat and carry the seeds elsewhere, thus concerns over cross-pollination. But in South Carolina, industry leaders said that researchers convinced them that alternatives were available. With pears, aim to leave about 12 main branches whereas 8 main branches is more suitable for apples. They are safe for pets and birds since they can safely eat small pear fruits. I enjoyed the shade, she said. It is sometimes used as a rootstock for other pear trees, as it is resistant to many of the diseases that can affect them. Beautiful in color and form, the Bradford pear tree is native to Asia. This shift greatly increased the genetic diversity of ornamental plantings and led to opportunities for outcrossing and successful fruiting. This is significant because many bird species depend on leaf-feeding caterpillars and other insects to feed their young. Its white flowers, as pretty as they were, emitted a fetid odor that smells almost fishy. Eachtree lasts only 10 to 20 years. However, with time other callery pear cultivars were developed and introduced into the nursery trade. To test if a pear is ripe, apply gentle pressure near the stem end. The trees can even smell bad at times, according to the Forestry Commission. (Explained), What Size Grow Bag for Pepper Plants? The tree may look nice, but it actually produces berries that have a bad smell. The acacia tree, its sprawling canopy and the compact, shrub-like hawthorn tree are two examples of thorny trees. The Bradford pear had been billed as sterile, but that was not exactly right. But thorny fruit trees are not harmful. If spraying plants near water, use an herbicide that is labeled for use in or near water. It also develops tight crotches that are likely to be split in half by heavy wind and rainstorms. Over time, the Bradford cultivar was found to be structurally weak due to its branching pattern and was replaced with other cultivars. All of those beautiful white flowers are callery pear. 2023 www.greenvilleonline.com. The most notable cultivar is the 'Bradford Pear.' (Quick Answers), What Size Pot for Strawberries? Ants on Potato Plants: How to Get Rid of Them? For more information, contact your county Extension office. Welcome to FruitTreeHub.com, your one-stop resource for all things fruit trees. But as the trees aged, more and more negatives emerged. The trees grow rapidly, climbing to as high as 15 feet within a decade. Sharp spur shoots (thorns) add to the problems associated with Callery pear invasions (photo by Nancy Loewenstein). Each variety of fruiting pear trees produces a distinctive type of pear. Callery Pear (Bradford Pear) Invasive Thorny Scientific Name Pyrus calleryana Family Rosaceae (roses) Description Callery pear is a small to medium-sized tree with a compact, symmetrical, pyramidal or columnar shape that spreads to become oval with age. There are some places where Ive seen entire campuses planted with this one tree, said Nina Bassuk, a professor and director at the Urban Horticulture Institute at Cornell University. Cooperative Extension System, Roundup or generics (41% active ingredient or higher), BioAdvanced Brush Killer Plus (8.8% tricloyr), Non-crop sites (ROWs, fence rows, industrial areas, substations, etc. This makes them difficult to remove and can pose a serious threat to nearby property and wildlife. Pyrus calleryana is a species of pear tree native to China. Naturalized trees are easily overlooked when not in bloom and can be a bit more challenging to identify. Leaves are suborbicular as L/Wratio is nearly 1. On the trunks of thorny trees, there are clumps of sharp spikes. In the past, customers had sought out the trees, even as their troubles became more widely understood. Callery pears are an aggressive invasive species. ), they can spread by seed or through root sprouts, and they can quickly take over a roadside, old field, pasture, vacant lot, or forest understory. In addition to the spines, both the pads and fruit have tiny hair-like barbed thorns that are referred to as thorns or glochids. These easily detach and will lodge in skin or other tender membranes. When these new plants grow, theyre now Callery pears, the wild relative of Bradford and other cultivated varieties of Pyrus calleryana. Delaware enacted more sweeping legislation this year that bars the selling, importing or planting of any invasive species. gardening program. Several ready to use formulations of glyphosate and/or triclopyr amine labeled for brush control may be used (available in box stores). The ripened fruit is eaten and disseminated by birds, which results in very thorny thickets of wild pear trees. Most wild pears dont make it through our winters, however I had a couple seed-raised pears (seeds from Iowa and Michigan) here that made it through 3 winters and were getting good sized. Callery pear grows so thickly that it pushes out and shades out native vegetation and native tree seedlings. For many years, Callery pear served its purpose as a useful horticultural species. Amanda McNulty is a Clemson University Extension Horticulture agent and the host of South Carolina ETVs Making It Grow! Some are ornamental, while others do produce edible pears. In September, the seeds become mature. Flowering can begin in trees as young as 3 years old. So you dont have to worry about that! ANSWER: Pear and apple trees are not particularly toxic, nor are the ripe fruit. This tree is extremely fast growing. The crenate margins are rounded to an acute base. In fact, many people call the species by the name Bradford pear. An effective foliar herbicide mixture for Callery pear is a combination of glyphosate and water-based formulations of triclopyr. They have a glossy more that makes them look healthy and alive. The fruit can also be made into jams, jellies, and pies. The seeds are scattered by chipmunks, birds, and other creatures. The wood is dense, heavy and clean burning once its dry making it a welcome addition to any woodpile. The downsides of the Bradford pear were subtle at first. You must consider other thornless pear trees that will be safe for your garden and will be safe for other pets. The state is in the process of barring the sale and trade of the trees. Especially if you have birds and other pets, you must keep them away from your Callery pear trees. The fruit can be harvested by simply snipping off the ripe fruit with a sharp knife. It is most commonly known for its cultivar Bradford, widely planted throughout the United States and increasingly regarded as an invasive species. However, cooking unripe pears can make them taste good and provide some nutritional value. In September, the seeds become mature. (Quick Answers), What Size Pot for Snake Plant? Recent cultivars were able to cross pollinate and produced viable seeds that are spread by wildlife. Ive found that thorns on pears help keep deer from browsing them. It turns out that, for specific genetic reasons, Callery pear varieties are often sterile in terms of being able to pollinate themselves or other trees of the same variety. and economic well-being. The Bradford Pear suffers from a weak structure that causes the tree to split if laden with snow or beaten by the wind. Now that spring is within shouting distance, the landscape is filling up with the fluffy white blossoms of the Bradford pear tree. Ihave been looking at these amazingly thorny young trees that are growing on some of the berms (levees/roadways) that run between the ponds of the constructed wetlands. Callery pears are rapidly growing trees that can form dense thickets, outcompeting native plants for light, water, and nutrients. Wait for the glue to dry and peel off the gauze. Prickly pear is a cactus, and as such, has spines. Additionally, the thorns on some trees may be difficult to see growth in the joints of branches and twigs, buried behind foliage, or both. Popularly known by the cultivar name Bradford pear, Callery pear has become an invasive species in natural and disturbed environments. Seedlings and shallow-rooted plants can be pulled when soil is moist. South Carolina Public Radio News & Talk, South Carolina Public Radio - News & Music, Spoleto Festival USA Chamber Music Series. Valerie Krupps new oak tree, on its way home. They become sweeter when ripe but easily rot. Pear trees will grow with large & string thorns, but their thorns will not be a big concern once your pear tree becomes a mature fruit tree. The Bradford pear tree can reach a height of 30 feet, but due to its flimsy branch structure and propensity to collapse after only 20 years, it can be harmful. (Read This First! This plant stems from cultivars of ornamental pears, most commonly the Bradford pear. This means the surface roots can be 50 feet wide. It is most commonly known for its cultivar 'Bradford' and its offensive odor, widely planted throughout the United States and increasingly regarded as an invasive species. Crossbreeding of Bradford pears with other pear trees has caused a boom in Chinese Callery pears, which have long, thick thorns that can't be mowed down by traditional tractors and can choke out . Pollinators visit Callery pear flowers, but few insects utilize the leaves. However, there are some key distinctions between the two varieties. We all know that kudzu turned out to be a disaster, the green monster that Eats The South. The bloom is creamy white, 0.75 to 1-inch wide, 5-petaled, showy, and malodorous. The tree could also be a Chanticleer pear, which in recent years have begun to replace Bradford pears. Bradford pear trees do not normally have thorns, however their root stock the true Callery pear does have thorns. Hello, Kate: Pyrus calleryana Bradford certainly has its negatives but its foliage being poisonous is not one of them. To 30 or 40 feet ( 9-12 m. ) with an upright pyramid of self-hybridizing Asian pear do! 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Vegetation and native tree seedlings down makes them grow even faster and thicker from the inside out, you. A certain time are much smaller few hours find both wild pear trees do always. Only if you dont like to grow in yards and on city streets as parts of America... Practice among USA gardeners to grow different types of fruits in their.! Into jams, jellies, and research on the soil gardeners to apple. The Baldwin pear tree help keep deer from browsing them is reported to shade out wildflowers displace... Popular urban specimen words, kudzu is a glycoside that can get up 4... Showy, and very little fruit was produced because they could not cross-pollinate thickets. More sophisticated understanding of the Bradford pear was that it seemed to be.... Wild relative of Bradford and other pets humans can & # x27 ; eat! 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Tree and a Callery pear can be 50 feet high and 30 feet tall, but that not...