The exclusion from the rest of the community pushed him into becoming a hideous and cruel beast with a hard heart and thirst to kill humans. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019. Although this study offered impressive scale, the vast majority of participants were between 19 and 45years old, and as a result, the model may underestimate factors experienced across the lifespan. As a person who used to spend most of his time in social activity among people, Victor feared the solitude that awaited him in Ingolstadt. Liesel is specially kind to Max, and the two share a strong bond. 2010;7(7):e1000316. This will allow for a more holistic understanding of the lived experience of loneliness which can inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working in this important area. The planned review will be reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement. Beloved is a work about the deeply entrenched trauma of slavery that finds its manifestation in later generations. I never get to talk to nobody. 2017;100(1):7692. It feeds on exile and hate. So when an author explores isolation as a literary theme, the results are often haunting and heart-wrenching. Cite this article. The decision to exclude articles which do not primarily or equally focus on these experiences was made in order to gather meaningful data about loneliness experiences specifically and to capture experiences identified as loneliness by participants as much as possible, rather than related phenomena which may be grouped and labelled retrospectively as loneliness by researchers. He lacks deep, rewarding relationships in his life. Thesis statement about technology. In this novel, Steinbeck depicts the essential loneliness of California ranch life in the 1930's. He illustrates how people are driven to find . A literary work can reveal a person's thoughts on many issues. She is even separated from the reader; we never learn her first name. The theme of loneliness is also evident throughout different characters who are segregated against by other characters in the book. In Of Mice and Men, it is not made noticeable that Lennie would be lonely. What was the purpose of the epic poem? Synthesising the qualitative literature focusing on experiences of loneliness in the general population will offer a fine-grained, subjectively derived understanding of the components of this phenomenon which closely reflects the original descriptions provided by those who have experienced it. The loneliness within a person can take a negative toll on their life and overall wellbeing. Systematic Reviews This synthesis of lived experiences will shed light on the nuances of loneliness which existing definitions and typologies might overlook. social engagement) was considered and tested extensively through scoping searches and discussion with an information specialist. Wolfe's writing and of his life. The reason for the exclusion at the full-text stage will be recorded. Social isolation does not necessarily beget loneliness, and indeed, Hawkley and Cacioppo [3] remark on how humans can perceive meaningful social relationships where none objectifiably exist, such as with God, or where reciprocity is not possible, such as with fictional characters. Tone. [28, 29]). Loneliness has been conceptualised as having three key aspects: 'emotional loneliness' (the absence of close attachment with another significant person or persons); 'social loneliness' (the lack of integration into social networks) and 'existential loneliness' (stemming from the realisation that a human being is fundamentally alone) [ 10, 11 ]. Necessity of work. The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Ms. Norma Menabney and Ms. Carol Dunlop, subject librarians at the McClay Library, Queens University Belfast, for their advice and assistance with designing a search strategy for this review. Escaping into my books often helps me put my worries on hold. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. As a result of her loneliness, she falls into deeper frustration. New places always provide important lessons as the new place have different meaning and routine of working and people have to adjust according to the demanding time and requirement of the new place.This thing sometimes becomes hectic and adjustable, but . Besides, they contributed to the heroic code and made up the Homeric character of a warrior. Achilles killed his eldest son, Hector, who Custom-Writing.org blog is a go-to place for any student, and it doesnt matter if its their first or last year of studying. Of Mice and Men is a touching novella by John Steinbeck examining the intricacies of laborers relationships on a ranch. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2018;13(1):2. A recent systematic review report [18] has explored the conceptualisations of loneliness employed in qualitative research, finding that loneliness tended to be defined as social, emotional, or existential types. J Aging Health. Gregors stay in confinement is also a reflection of his broader alienation from society, resulting from his self-perception as a parasite. CAS J Gerontol Soc Work. Quality assessment of qualitative evidence for systematic review and synthesis: is it meaningful, and if so, how should it be performed? It will offer an experience-focused overview of loneliness for people studying and developing measures of this phenomenon. Who died in the Call the Midwife season 12 finale? To address this aim, there is one central research question: How do people describe their experiences of loneliness? The man says the spider of his heart can't connect it's threads to society because he is gay and unaccepted by society. 4. If youve got a task to write an essay about loneliness and isolation, its vital to pick the right topic. We present a protocol for a study that will, for the first time, systematically review and synthesise the qualitative literature on experiences of loneliness in people of all ages from the general, non-clinical population. Weiss RS. View Shemar Jones - Developing Themes Statement for Of Mice and Men.docx from ENGLISH 242 at Bryant High School. 3. Mansfield L, Daykin N, Meads C, Tomlinson A, Gray K, Lane J, Victor C. A conceptual review of loneliness across the adult life course (16+ years): synthesis of qualitative studies: What Works Wellbeing, London; 2019. In the book "A Streetcar Named Desire", Blanches' l. At this stage, the synthesis should remain close to the findings of the included studies. 2015;13(3):17987. He also misses his friends and relatives in Ingolstadt, which causes him further discomfort. Themes are often distinguished from premises.. Curley's Wife Loneliness Quote 1 "I should go away and leave you alone?" Curley's Wife Loneliness Quote 2 "I never get to talk to nobody. All authors approved the final manuscript. Systematic reviews on similar topics will also be searched for potentially eligible studies. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x. In this way, the robustness of the synthesis can be appraised and the individual findings can remain grounded in their context whilst also extending into a broader understanding of the experiences of loneliness. I believed myself totally unfitted for the company of strangers. A second author (JG) will independently screen 50% of the titles and abstracts. As with any systematic review, some studies may also be missing information which would inform the synthesis. The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual [41] also notes that thematic synthesis is useful when considering shared elements across studies which are otherwise heterogenous, which is likely to be the case in this review given that the common factor (experiences of loneliness) may be present across studies with otherwise diverse populations and methodologies. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject". Cookies policy. Crooks says "I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an' he gets sick"(73) Throughout the story Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck utilizes the theme . This inductive synthesis of the available subjective descriptions of loneliness will offer a nuanced view of loneliness experiences. In literary works dedicated to emotional isolation, authors often use physical artifacts as symbols. According to Homers text, Priam had 50 children from these two women and other concubines. The third is the theme of loneliness, and it is with the implications of this theme that I wish He uses frost and snow as symbols to refer to his isolation. This is a significant gap in the field given that loneliness is, by its nature, a subjective experience. [11, 46]), this research will focus on primary empirical studies of subjective descriptions to offer a manageable level of scope and rigour. 2016;51(3):33948. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. Loneliness is a growing epidemic among the elderly population, predominantly in Western Culture where elders are often placed in nursing homes, excluding them from their community. social, emotional, and existential loneliness). Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Soilemezi D, Linceviciute S. Synthesizing qualitative research: reflections and lessons learnt by two new reviewers. Isolation is a state of being detached from other people, either physically or emotionally. The widely accepted description from Perlman and Peplau [16], for example, states that loneliness is an unpleasant and distressing subjective phenomenon arising when ones desired level of social relations differs from their actual level. PubMed Here are a couple of quotes from Frankenstein directly related to the theme of isolation and loneliness: How slowly the time passes here, encompassed as I am by frost and snowI have one want which I have never yet been able to satisfy and the absence of the object of which I now feel as a most severe evil. Bound AF. The theme of your story can be as broad as love or loneliness (thematic concept), or as specific as "greed is the greatest force in human culture" or "human behavior is a product of education and experience" (both are thematic statements because they expresses an opinion on the subject). Michalska da Rocha B. In light of this, it is concerning that recent research has found that loneliness is highly prevalent across age groups, with young people (under 25years) and older adults (over 65years) indicating the highest levels [7, 8]. He felt very different from those living in the community . The characters Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all live in a constant struggle against loneliness. Booth A, Noyes J, Flemming K, Gerhardus A, Wahlster P, van der Wilt GJ, et al. A+ custom essay The most ancient text preserved to our days raises more questions than there are answers. One could say it is the author's interpretation of life that they wrote to share with others. It shows that he lived an empty, superficial life without meaningful relationships. This is an important point given that the review will inherently be constrained by the number of studies that exist and the focus that has primarily been given to quantitative loneliness research thus far. Kitzmller G, Clancy A, Vaismoradi M, Wegener C, Bondas T. Trapped in an empty waiting roomthe existential human core of loneliness in old age: a meta-synthesis. Naturally, it causes profound emotional suffering. Phoebe E. McKenna-Plumley. And evaluate how they are crafting their thematic . Studies should focus on individuals from non-clinical populations of any age who describe experiences of loneliness. Background: Given the dramatic projected increase in Alzheimer's disease globally and the increased risk of morbidity and mortality for family caregivers of these patients, there is an urgent need to provide more targeted, timely resources to support the health and well-being of these informal caregivers. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Loneliness research is often weighted towards investigations of older adults, despite the fact that the prevalence of loneliness is high across the lifespan; recent UK research found a prevalence of 40% in 16- to 24-year-olds and 27% in people over 75 [7]. 2012;24(8):134663. Google Scholar. 808 certified writers online. Writers with unique, non-conforming identity are often alienated during their lifetime. Famous German physician Albert Schweitzer said, "We are all so much together, but we are all dying of loneliness." In the novel Of Mice and Men, written during the Great Depression, loneliness is a very important theme. Read Thematic Statements of Other Writers. This is appropriate to the project time frame and background of this research team. Google Scholar. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, stereotypes against the disabled greatly impacted the sense of loneliness of the characters. Conclusion. Book When was The Iliad written? There are a number of limitations to the planned research. Lim MH, Rodebaugh TL, Zyphur MJ, Gleeson JF. PMP wishes to acknowledge the funding received from the Northern Ireland and North East Doctoral Training Partnership, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council with support from the Department for the Economy Northern Ireland. These findings will be displayed in a Summary of Qualitative Findings table including a summary of each finding, confidence in that finding, and an explanation for the rating. The theme is suggested from the title, which hints that the narrative is going to be about a lonely character, who cannot connect with those around him. A theme is an idea that runs throughout a text. This attention is well placed given that loneliness has been designated as a significant public health issue in the UK [] and is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes [2,3,4,5] and an increase in risk of death similar to that of smoking [].In light of this, it is concerning that recent research has . "Successful relationships can be built on love, loyalty, and trust.". 2017;28(2):21330. The theme statement . Lachal J, Revah-Levy A, Orri M, Moro MR. Metasynthesis: an original method to synthesize qualitative literature in psychiatry. I, who had ever been surrounded by amiable companions, continually engaged in endeavouring to bestow mutual pleasureI was now alone. World literature has numerous examples of characters who are disconnected from their loved ones or dont fit into the social norms. For example, the moors in Wuthering Heights or the room in The Yellow Wallpaper are means of the characters physical isolation. Rokach A. PMP and JG were responsible for the conception and design of the study. Next, a new stage of analytical theme development is undertaken wherein the reviewer goes beyond the interpretations of the primary studies and develops higher-order constructs or explanations based on these descriptive themes [30]. In a sense, every literary work makes a statement or has a point. This inferential process will be carried out through collaboration between the research team (primarily PMP and JG). 2013;36(6):128393. Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis. What Are Some of the Values Apparent in The Iliad and The Odyssey? PMP, JG, RT, and KY contributed to the drafting and revising of the protocol. Being "solitary" has caused his ambition to grow dangerously, but this isolation is already its own punishment: his laboratory feels like a "cell.". 1987;2(2):2716. hasty generalization popular appeal appeal to a lack of evidence personal attack personal attack Kitzmller and colleagues [20] used meta-ethnography to synthesise studies regarding experiences and ways of dealing with loneliness in older adults (60years and older). 2. How did the theme of loneliness affect Holden Caulfield? Meta-ethnography: synthesizing qualitative studies (vol. PMP will also undertake abstract screening to exclude any which are found to be irrelevant or inapplicable to the inclusion criteria. Loneliness One of the themes explored in the short story "The Outsider" by H.P. Most of them were eventually destroyed by the negative consequences of their loneliness. Thematic synthesis will be used to synthesise this literature, and study quality will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Qualitative search terms were supplemented with relevant and useful subject headings and free-text terms from the Pearl Harvesting Search Framework synonym ring for qualitative research [27]. Sources of grey literature will also be searched. It doesn't mention the piece of work, author or characters, but it conveys the true essence of the work. "Love comes in all shapes and forms; it should be embraced rather than denied.". Terms and Conditions, By providing a thorough overview of how loneliness is experienced, we expect that the findings from the planned review will be informative and useful for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians who work with and for people experiencing loneliness, as well as for these individuals themselves, to better understand this important, prevalent, and often misunderstood phenomenon. The Theme of Loneliness in the Novella "Of Mice and Men" by . He has never tried to hurt others, but people keep hurting him anyways, calling him nuts and crazy all the time will eventually make him go to the point of nuts and crazy. Loneliness Is a Product of Our Own Design. It's a state of aloneness in which you truly feel cut off from others because of your location or emotions, and its psychological toll can be devastating. Loneliness 1: Blanche cries to Stella that she cannot be left alone. 2020;20(1):415. et al. In collaboration with a specialist, the strategy will be translated for all of the databases. J Psychol. We will write a custom Research Paper on The Theme of Loneliness in Life in Literature specifically for you. This circumstance leads us to think that the extension and practices . Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Naturally, it causes profound emotional suffering. Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions. Kent-Marvick J, Simonsen S, Pentecost R, McFarland MM. An insightful theme statement tells readers clearly and concisely what they may learn from a careful reading of the literature. Cooke A, Smith D, Booth A. As a result, he feels profound loneliness. This review will also shed light on the age groups that have been included in qualitative research on loneliness experiences. This will be done because many factors, including varied reporting styles and misrepresentation of data as findings, can make it difficult to identify the findings in qualitative research [31]; accordingly, a wide-ranging approach will be used to capture as much relevant data as possible from each included article. When Frankenstein creates the Monster he is working alone, in a "solitary chamber, or rather cell.". This will allow a transparent, systematic appraisal of confidence in the findings for researchers, clinicians, and other decision-makers who may utilise the evidence from the planned systematic review. 1. Loneliness Loneliness is a feeling common in most people who have lost a partner, and those people tend to look for comfort in all the wrong ways. The struggles of the protagonist Holden Caulfield have resonated with millions of people around the world. When eligibility is unclear from the title, abstracts and full-texts will be checked until eligibility or ineligibility can be ascertained. Syst Rev. Short Depression Quotes. There are many instances throughout this book that demonstrates how discrimination against the impaired characters connects to the theme loneliness. Loneliness. The inclusion of search terms related to social isolation specifically and related terms (e.g. Department for Digital C, Media and Sport. [18] have offered an illuminating systematic review covering the conceptual frameworks and models of loneliness included in the existing evidence base (i.e. Everyone is contained in their tiny little spaces, rarely interacting with one another and yet, loneliness is rampant in the courtyard. Finally, full-text versions of the remaining articles will be read by PMP to assess whether they are suitable for inclusion in the final review. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Multiple codes may be applied to the same sentence, and codes may be free or structured in a tree formation at this stage. As such, studies which begin from definitions of loneliness like these may obscure the ways in which it is actually experienced and fail to capture the components and idiosyncrasies of these experiences. Whilst primary empirical studies are not themselves extensive sources, with books in particular often offering rich descriptions of loneliness (see, e.g. In case agreement cannot be reached after discussion between the two reviewers, a third reviewer will be invited to reconcile their disagreement and make a final decision. Achterberg and colleagues [19] recently conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on experiences of loneliness in young people with depression. PLoS One. Their state of mind always comes with sadness and a low self-esteem. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This review will build upon this work by including research with children and adolescents and taking a bottom-up approach similar to grounded theory where the synthesis will remain close to the participants subjective descriptions of loneliness experiences within the included studies, rather than reflecting pre-existing themes in the evidence base. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. The search strategy for our primary database (MEDLINE) was developed in collaboration with an information specialist. Those who live with loneliness every day cannot express how deep of a feeling it is to have everything you enjoy crushed by the absence of companionship. However, they synthesised only articles from health care disciplines published in scientific journals from 2001 to 2016 and included studies on clinical populations, such as older women with multiple chronic conditions. We will create an Guys like us who work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world, they aint got no family, they dont belong no place. PubMed Whilst we expect that this would concern emotional, social, and cognitive components of the experience, we understand that these findings may also come to reflect perceived causes or effects of loneliness. Teenagers, as well as adults, have been deeply influenced by the novel. The PRISMA statement will be followed to create a flowchart of the number of studies included and excluded at each stage of this process. 2018;99:4152. 2015;10(9):e0138237. Harmonising this research by looking closely at how people describe their experiences of loneliness and working from the bottom-up to create a fine-grained view of what makes up these experiences will provide a more holistic understanding of loneliness and how it might best be defined and ameliorated. This will create a tree structure of descriptive themes which should not deviate largely from the original study findings; rather, findings will have been integrated into an organised whole. We will examine how the theme of loneliness functions in literature. This attention is well placed given that loneliness has been designated as a significant public health issue in the UK [1] and is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes [2,3,4,5] and an increase in risk of death similar to that of smoking [6]. In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World, all people must conform to societys rules to be accepted. 2012;64(9):1392404. 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